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Erythropoietin as a Tissue-Protective Cytokine in Brain Injury: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Alessandra Sfacteria

University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Anthony Cerami

Kenneth S. Warren Institute, Kitchawan, New York

Michael Brines

Kenneth S. Warren Institute, Kitchawan, New York, mbrines{at}kswi.org

In the 10 years since neurotrophic activity was first reported for erythropoietin (EPO), a broad understanding of its multiple paracrine/autocrine functions has emerged. Recent studies firmly establish EPO as a multifunctional molecule, typical of the pliotrophic cytokine superfamily of which it is a member. The realization that EPO activates neuroprotection by multiple mechanisms has identified a generalized system of local tissue protection with EPO as a critical component. Here, the authors characterize the biology of the local tissue-protective system, review data that support this concept, and suggest why non-hematopoietic analogues of EPO may be better choices as therapeutics.

Key Words: Neuroprotection • Preconditioning • Therapeutic window

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 10, No. 2, 93-98 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858403259187


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