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From Guidance Signals to Movement: Signaling Molecules Governing Growth Cone Turning

Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hongk02{at}nyumc.org.

	Abstract

Directed growth cone movements in response to external guidance signals are required for the establishment of functional neuronal connections during development, adult nerve regeneration, and adult neurogenesis. Growth cone intrinsic properties permit different growth cone responses (e.g., attraction or repulsion) to a guidance signal, and alterations to these intrinsic properties often result in opposite growth cone responses.This article reviews the current knowledge of growth cone signaling, emphasizing the dependency of Ca²⁺ signaling on membrane potential shifts, and cyclic nucleotide and phosphoinositide signaling pathways during growth cone turning in response to guidance signals.We also discuss how asymmetrical growth cone signaling is achieved for the fine-tuned growth cone movement.

First published on August 21, 2009
The Neuroscientist 2009, doi:10.1177/1073858409340702


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