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The Neuroscientist, Vol. 11, No. 4, 277-281 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858404270905

Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Neuronal Development

Alain Bessis

Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse Normale et Pathologique, alain.bessis{at}ens.fr

Delphine Bernard

Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse Normale et Pathologique

Antoine Triller

Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse Normale et Pathologique

Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} (TNF{alpha}) is a prototypic inflammatory cytokine up-regulated in most if not all neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have reported variable roles in the adult or pathological brain. In contrast, the implication of TNF{alpha} in developmental neuronal cell death has been well documented in few studies. In sympathetic and trigeminal neurons, TNF{alpha} acts in an autocrine manner to induce immediate cell death on neurotrophic factor deprivation. In the spinal cord, TNF{alpha} is transiently produced by macrophages and commits motoneurons to become competent to die 2 days later. TNF{alpha} is also likely to induce immediate and delayed prodeath effects in adult and pathological tissues. Data obtained in embryonic systems will thus help to develop new therapeutic approaches to pathological neuronal death in adults.

Key Words: Cell death • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) • Motoneuron • Development • Spinal cord • Neurodegenerative disease


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