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The Neuroscientist, Vol. 11, No. 4, 294-307 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858404273850

Reviews

Nitric Oxide and Adult Neurogenesis in Health and Disease

Carmen Estrada

Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain, carmen.estrada{at}uca.es

Maribel Murillo-Carretero

Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

Adult neurogenesis may be functionally important as a mechanism of brain plasticity in physiological conditions and brain repair after injury. Nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible intracellular and intercellular messenger in the mammalian nervous system, has been shown to affect adult neurogenesis in different ways. In the normal brain, NO, synthesized by the neuronal isoform of NO synthase in nitrergic neurons, is a negative regulator of precursor cell proliferation. However, after brain damage, NO overproduction in different neural and nonneural cell types promotes neurogenesis. Recently reported results on the effects of NO on new neuron generation in the adult brain are reviewed, with special attention to the proposed mechanisms of action and functional consequences in health and disease.

Key Words: Nitric oxide synthase • Subventricular zone • Dentate gyrus • Angiogenesis • Epidermal growth factor receptor • Vascular endothelial growth factor


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