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The Neuroscientist, Vol. 11, No. 4, 334-344 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858405275827
© 2005 SAGE Publications

Reviews

Dendritic Release of Retrograde Messengers Controls Synaptic Transmission in Local Neocortical Networks

Yuri Zilberter

Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Yuri.Zilberter{at}neuro.ki.se

Tibor Harkany

Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Carl D. Holmgren

Vrije Universiteit, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

The contribution of retrograde signaling to information processing in the brain has been contemplated for a long time, especially with respect to central nervous system development and long-term synaptic plasticity. During the past few years, however, the concept of retrograde signaling has been expanding to include short-term modifications of synaptic efficacy. The classic point of view on synaptic transmission represents it as a unidirectional transfer of information from presynaptic to postsynaptic sites. This paradigm has, however, been questioned in several experimental studies of neurons in different brain regions. These results suggest that a fast retrograde signal, which provides feedback, exists in active synaptic contacts. In particular, it was found that the dendritic release of retrograde messengers controls the efficacy of synaptic transmission in both excitatory and inhibitory connections between neocortical pyramidal cells and interneurons. The present review discusses these findings and the mechanisms underlying synaptic retrograde signaling.

Key Words: Neocortex • Interneuron • Pyramidal cell • Retrograde signaling


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