This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (86) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Sofroniew, M. V. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Sofroniew, M. V. Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information Traumatic Brain Injury Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Reactive Astrocytes in Neural Repair and Protection

Department of Neurobiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, sofroniew{at}mednet.ucla.edu

Reactive astrocytosis occurs prominently in response to all forms of CNS injury or disease. The functions of reactive astrocytes are not well understood, and both harmful and beneficial activities have been attributed to these cells. The basic process of reactive astrocytosis is conserved in vertebrate evolution, suggesting fitness-enhancing benefits, but scar-forming reactive astrocytes are often regarded as uniformly detrimental to clinical outcome, in particular, when implicated as inhibitors of axon regeneration. Transgenic mouse models are providing new means to study the activities of reactive astrocytes after CNS insults in vivo. Recent studies point toward roles for reactive astrocytes in restricting inflammation and protecting neurons and oligodendrocytes, thereby helping to limit tissue degeneration and preserve function after CNS injury.

Key Words: Glia • Neurodegeneration • Injury • Inflammation • Axonal regeneration • Blood-brain barrier • Neural progenitors

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 11, No. 5, 400-407 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858405278321


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Paco, E. Pozas, and F. Aguado Secretogranin III Is an Astrocyte Granin That Is Overexpressed in Reactive Glia Cereb Cortex, November 5, 2009; (2009) bhp202v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Voskuhl, R. S. Peterson, B. Song, Y. Ao, L. B. J. Morales, S. Tiwari-Woodruff, and M. V. Sofroniew Reactive Astrocytes Form Scar-Like Perivascular Barriers to Leukocytes during Adaptive Immune Inflammation of the CNS J. Neurosci., September 16, 2009; 29(37): 11511 - 11522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Rodgers, M. R. Hutchinson, A. Northcutt, S. F. Maier, L. R. Watkins, and D. S. Barth The cortical innate immune response increases local neuronal excitability leading to seizures Brain, September 1, 2009; 132(9): 2478 - 2486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Middeldorp, W. Kamphuis, J. A. Sluijs, D. Achoui, C. H. C. Leenaars, M. G. P. Feenstra, P. van Tijn, D. F. Fischer, C. Berkers, H. Ovaa, et al. Intermediate filament transcription in astrocytes is repressed by proteasome inhibition FASEB J, August 1, 2009; 23(8): 2710 - 2726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. Stirling, S. Liu, P. Kubes, and V. W. Yong Depletion of Ly6G/Gr-1 Leukocytes after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice Alters Wound Healing and Worsens Neurological Outcome J. Neurosci., January 21, 2009; 29(3): 753 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lee, J.-Y. Park, W.-H. Lee, H. Kim, H.-C. Park, K. Mori, and K. Suk Lipocalin-2 Is an Autocrine Mediator of Reactive Astrocytosis J. Neurosci., January 7, 2009; 29(1): 234 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Mazzoni, E. Novelli, and E. Strettoi Retinal Ganglion Cells Survive and Maintain Normal Dendritic Morphology in a Mouse Model of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration J. Neurosci., December 24, 2008; 28(52): 14282 - 14292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-Y. C. Hsu, L. Y. W. Bourguignon, C. M. Adams, K. Peyrollier, H. Zhang, T. Fandel, C. L. Cun, Z. Werb, and L. J. Noble-Haeusslein Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Facilitates Glial Scar Formation in the Injured Spinal Cord J. Neurosci., December 10, 2008; 28(50): 13467 - 13477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kohyama, T. Kojima, E. Takatsuka, T. Yamashita, J. Namiki, J. Hsieh, F. H. Gage, M. Namihira, H. Okano, K. Sawamoto, et al. Epigenetic regulation of neural cell differentiation plasticity in the adult mammalian brain PNAS, November 18, 2008; 105(46): 18012 - 18017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Villapol, A. Gelot, S. Renolleau, and C. Charriaut-Marlangue Astrocyte Responses after Neonatal Ischemia: The Yin and the Yang Neuroscientist, August 1, 2008; 14(4): 339 - 344. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. K. Garg, R. Banerjee, and J. Kipnis Neuroprotective Immunity: T Cell-Derived Glutamate Endows Astrocytes with a Neuroprotective Phenotype J. Immunol., March 15, 2008; 180(6): 3866 - 3873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Gadea, S. Schinelli, and V. Gallo Endothelin-1 Regulates Astrocyte Proliferation and Reactive Gliosis via a JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway J. Neurosci., March 5, 2008; 28(10): 2394 - 2408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Buffo, I. Rite, P. Tripathi, A. Lepier, D. Colak, A.-P. Horn, T. Mori, and M. Gotz Origin and progeny of reactive gliosis: A source of multipotent cells in the injured brain PNAS, March 4, 2008; 105(9): 3581 - 3586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Retamal, N. Froger, N. Palacios-Prado, P. Ezan, P. J. Saez, J. C. Saez, and C. Giaume Cx43 Hemichannels and Gap Junction Channels in Astrocytes Are Regulated Oppositely by Proinflammatory Cytokines Released from Activated Microglia J. Neurosci., December 12, 2007; 27(50): 13781 - 13792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Tsang and L. Trombetta The protective role of chelators and antioxidants on mancozeb-induced toxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes Toxicology and Industrial Health, September 1, 2007; 23(8): 459 - 470. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. P Lewis, K. E Betts, C. S Sethi, D. G Charteris, S. Y Lesnik-Oberstein, R. L Avery, and S. K Fisher Identification of ganglion cell neurites in human subretinal and epiretinal membranes Br J Ophthalmol, September 1, 2007; 91(9): 1234 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Bushell The emergence of proteinase-activated receptor-2 as a novel target for the treatment of inflammation-related CNS disorders J. Physiol., May 15, 2007; 581(1): 7 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Cai, Y. Chen, W.-H. Cai, E. C. Hurlock, H. Wu, S. G. Kernie, L. F. Parada, and Q. R. Lu A crucial role for Olig2 in white matter astrocyte development Development, May 15, 2007; 134(10): 1887 - 1899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Gantois, K. Fang, L. Jiang, D. Babovic, A. J. Lawrence, V. Ferreri, Y. Teper, B. Jupp, J. Ziebell, C. M. Morganti-Kossmann, et al. Ablation of D1 dopamine receptor-expressing cells generates mice with seizures, dystonia, hyperactivity, and impaired oral behavior PNAS, March 6, 2007; 104(10): 4182 - 4187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Wilhelmsson, E. A. Bushong, D. L. Price, B. L. Smarr, V. Phung, M. Terada, M. H. Ellisman, and M. Pekny Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injury PNAS, November 14, 2006; 103(46): 17513 - 17518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]