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The Neuroscientist, Vol. 12, No. 2, 164-176 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858405284258

Reviews

How Neurosecretory Vesicles Release Their Cargo

Bethe A. Scalettar

Department of Physics, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR

Neurons and related cell types often contain two major classes of neurosecretory vesicles, synaptic vesicles (SVs) and dense-core granules (DCGs), which store and release distinct cargo. SVs store and release classic neurotransmitters, which facilitate propagation of action potentials across the synaptic cleft, whereas DCGs transport, store, and release hormones, proteins, and neuropeptides, which facilitate neuronal survival, synaptic transmission, and learning. Over the past few years, there has been a major surge in our understanding of many of the key molecular mechanisms underlying cargo release from SVs and DCGs. This surge has been driven largely by the use of fluorescence microscopy (especially total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) to visualize SVs or DCGs in living cells. This review highlights some of the recent insights into cargo release from neurosecretory vesicles provided by fluorescence microscopy, with emphasis on DCGs.

Key Words: Dense-core granule • Synaptic vesicle • Fluorescence microscopy • Regulated exocytosis


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