The Neuroscientist

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here for more information

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow References
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Farooqui, A. A.
Right arrow Articles by Horrocks, L. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Farooqui, A. A.
Right arrow Articles by Horrocks, L. A.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
The Neuroscientist, Vol. 12, No. 3, 245-260 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858405285923
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Reviews

Phospholipase A2-Generated Lipid Mediators in the Brain: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Lloyd A. Horrocks

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) generates arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and lysophospholipids from neural membrane phospholipids. These metabolites have a variety of physiological effects by themselves and also are substrates for the synthesis of more potent lipid mediators such as eicosanoids, platelet activating factor, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). At low concentrations, these mediators act as second messengers. They affect and modulate several cell functions, including signal transduction, gene expression, and cell proliferation, but at high concentrations, these lipid mediators cause neurotoxicity. Among the metabolites generated by PLA2, 4-HNE is the most cytotoxic metabolite and is associated with the apoptotic type of neural cell death. Levels of 4-HNE are markedly increased in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ischemia, spinal cord trauma, and head injury. The purpose of this review is to summarize and integrate the vast literature on metabolites generated by PLA2 for a wider audience. The authors hope that this discussion will jump-start more studies not only on the involvement of PLA2 in neurological disorders but also on the importance of PLA2-generated lipid mediators in physiological and pathological processes.

Key Words: Phospholipase A • Arachidonic acid • Docosahexaenoic acid • Lysophosphatidylcholine • 4-hydroxynonenal • Platelet activating factor • Alzheimer disease • Ischemia • Spinal cord injury • Head injury


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. D. Ogburn and M. E. Figueiredo-Pereira
Cytoskeleton/Endoplasmic Reticulum Collapse Induced by Prostaglandin J2 Parallels Centrosomal Deposition of Ubiquitinated Protein Aggregates
J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2006; 281(32): 23274 - 23284.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]