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The Neuroscientist
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Astroglial Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Repair

Flora M. Vaccarino

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, Department of Neurobiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, flora.vaccarino{at}yale.edu

Devon M. Fagel

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Yosif Ganat

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Maria E. Maragnoli

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Laura R. Ment

Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT

Yasushi Ohkubo

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Michael L. Schwartz

Department of Neurobiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT

John Silbereis

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Karen M. Smith

Child Study Center, New Haven, CT

Three main cellular components have been described in the CNS: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In the past 10 years, lineage studies first based on retroviruses in the embryonic CNS and then by genetic fate mapping in both the prenatal and postnatal CNS have proposed that astroglial cells can be progenitors for neurons and oligodendrocytes. Hence, the population of astroglial cells is increasingly recognized as heterogeneous and diverse, encompassing cell types performing widely different roles in development and plasticity. Astroglial cells populating the neurogenic niches increase their proliferation after perinatal injury and in young mice can differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes that migrate to the cerebral cortex, replacing the cells that are lost. Although much remains to be learned about this process, it appears that the up-regulation of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor is critical for mediating the injury-induced increase in cell division and perhaps for the neuronal differentiation of astroglial cells. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(2):173—185, 2007.

Key Words: Neural stem cells • Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) • Radial glia • Cerebral cortex • Receptor tyrosine kinase • Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) • Subventricular zone

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 13, No. 2, 173-185 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858406298336
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