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The Neuroscientist, Vol. 13, No. 5, 422-432 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858406296601

Functional Imaging Studies in Cannabis Users

Linda Chang

Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, LChang{at}hawaii.edu

Edward P. Chronicle

Department of Psychology (EPC), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI

Cannabis remains the most widely used illegal drug in the United States. This update examines the available literature on neuroimaging studies of the brains of cannabis users. The majority of studies examining the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration used PET methods and concluded that administration of THC leads to increased activation in frontal and paralimbic regions and the cerebellum. These increases in activation are broadly consistent with the behavioral effects of the drug. Although there is only equivocal evidence that chronic cannabis use might result in structural brain changes, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-fMRI studies in chronic users consistently show alterations, or neuroadaptation, in the activation of brain networks responsible for higher cognitive functions. It is not yet certain whether these changes are reversible with abstinence. Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents, studies are needed to evaluate whether cannabis use might affect the developing brain. Considerable further work, employing longitudinal designs, is also required to determine whether cannabis use causes permanent functional alterations in the brains of adults. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(5):422—432, 2007.

Key Words: Marijuana • Neuroimaging • MRI • PET


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