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The Neuroscientist
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Activity-Dependent Thalamocortical Axon Branching

Yasufumi Hayano

Neuroscience Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Nobuhiko Yamamoto

Neuroscience Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, nobuhiko{at}fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp

The thalamocortical (TC) projection in the mammalian brain involves fundamental aspects in branch formation during development. TC axons are known to form branches not only in a genetically defined but also in an activity-dependent fashion. Recent evidence indicates that TC axon branching is generated by positive and negative regulators that are expressed with laminar specificity in the developing cortex. Moreover, in vitro studies using organotypic cocultures demonstrate that neural activity, including firing and synaptic activity, controls lamina-specific TC axon branching by altering its remodeling process with addition and elimination. Taken together, activity-dependent mechanisms can contribute to branch formation, affecting expression of branch-promoting and inhibiting factors and/or their receptor molecules. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(4):359–368, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858408317272

Key Words: Axon branching • Thalamocortical axon • Layer specificity • Neural activity • Cortical development • Gene expression

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 14, No. 4, 359-368 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858408317272
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