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Noncoding RNAs in Long-Term Memory Formation

Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Marcel E. Dinger

Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Jean Mariani

Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7102-Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs (NPA): CNRS, Paris, France

Kenneth S. Kosik

Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

Mark F. Mehler

Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Einstein Cancer Center and Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

John S. Mattick

Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, j.mattick{at}imb.uq.edu.au

Current research exploring the molecular basis of memory focuses mainly on proteins despite recent genomic studies reporting the abundant transcription of non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA). Although ncRNAs are involved in a diverse range of biological processes, they are particularly prevalent within the nervous system, where they contribute towards the complexity and function of the mammalian brain. In this review, we apply recent advances in ncRNA biology to predict a critical role for ncRNAs in the molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation and maintenance. We describe the role of ncRNAs in regulating the translation, stability, and editing of mRNA populations in response to synaptic activity during memory formation and the role of ncRNAs in the epigenetic and transcriptional programs that underlie long-term memory storage. We also consider ncRNAs acting as an additional avenue of communication between neurons by their intercellular trafficking. Taken together, the emerging evidence suggests a central role for ncRNAs in memory formation and provokes novel research directions in this field. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(5):434—445, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/1073858408319187

Key Words: long-term potentiation • synaptic plasticity • microRNAs • neuron • intercellular signaling

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 14, No. 5, 434-445 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1073858408319187


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