SAGE Journals Online
Advertisement
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Advertisement

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
The Neuroscientist
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow References
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Onodera, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hicks, T. P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow Articles by Onodera, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hicks, T. P.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Reviews

Review : Evolution of the Motor System: Why the Elephant's Trunk Works Like a Human's Hand

Satoru Onodera

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicme Iwate Medical University Monoka, Japan

T. Philip Hicks

Neural Plasticity and Regeneration Group, Institute for Biological Sciences National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

The nucleus of Darkschewitsch, the nucleus accessorius medialis of Bechterew, and the parvicellular red nucleus in the mammalian mesodiencephalon fuse with each other and thus have borders that are not always distinct. These structures project topographically to the inferior olive and receive inputs from motor cortex, premotor cortex, substantia nigra, and cerebellar nuclei, which suggests that these nuclei play an important role in mammalian motor control. Furthermore, the nuclei show developmental differences that correspond with species-specialized body parts, such as the human's hand, the axial muscular system of the whale, and the elephant's trunk, to name just a few. We focus here on the differences in these meso diencephalo-olivo-cerebellar projections among certain mammals and propose that these brain structures are altered as the animal's gross anatomy alters. We also suggest that well-developed mesodiencephalo olivo-cerebellar projections may be an important factor for the differentiation of the large neocortex of the human, primate, elephant, and whale during evolutionary progress. NEUROSCIENTIST 5:217-226, 1999

Key Words: KEY WORDS Nucleus of Darkschewitsch • Parvicellular red nucleus • Magnocellular red nucleus • Inferior olive • Cerebellum • Pyramidal tract • Association cortex • Evolution

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 5, No. 4, 217-226 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/107385849900500411
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?




Advertisement