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The Neuroscientist
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Brain Cytosolic Phospholipase A2: Localization, Role, and Involvement in Neurological Diseases

Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Wei Yi Ong

Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Lloyd A. Horrocks

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, horrocks.2{at}osu.edu

Tahira Farooqui

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) hydrolyzes the arachidonoyl group from the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids generating arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. The products of the cPLA2-catalyzed reaction act as second messengers themselves or further metabolize to eicosanoids, platelet activating factor, and lysophosphatidic acid. cPLA2 has not been purified from brain tissue. Immunocytochemical studies have indicated that cPLA2 is expressed in neurons and astrocytes. The hindbrain and spinal cord contain dense immunoreactivity for cPLA2. Activity and immunoreactivity of cPLA2 are markedly increased in ischemia, Alzheimer’s disease, and kainic acid neurotoxicity. This increase in cPLA2 activity and immunoreactivity is accompanied by marked alterations in neural membrane phospholipid composition and the accumulation of lipid peroxides and eicosanoids. At present, it is not known whether the increased activity and immunoreactivity of cPLA2 in neural trauma (e.g., in ischemia) and neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s disease) is the cause or effect of neurodegeneration. Recent studies on the role of this enzyme in brain tissue suggest that cPLA2 may be involved in synaptic plasticity, generation of second messengers, axon regeneration, and neurodegeneration.

Key Words: cPLA2 • Arachidonic acid • Long-term potentiation • Second messengers • Ischemia • Alzheimer’s disease

The Neuroscientist, Vol. 6, No. 3, 169-180 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/107385840000600308
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A. A. Farooqui and L. A. Horrocks
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[Abstract] [PDF]